*my comments
Semiotics
- There is no signature without signum
- The meaning of words is linguistic — there is a verbal code
- Need an acquaintance with meaning
- TROUBLE with High-Context Cultures and Low-Context Cultures
- semiotics are not the same
- Semiotic Translation = alternative sign- “more fully developed”
Three ways of interpreting a verbal sign:
- Intralingual (rewording) – by means of other signs of the same language
- equivalent combination of codeunits
- Interlingual (translation proper) – by means of some other language
- No full equivalence between codeunits
- Dialectal
- Intersemiotic (transmutation) – by means of signs of nonverbal sign systems
- Body language
Synonym is dangerous
Comparison of two language implies an examination of their MUTUAL translatability
Metalinguistics
- speaking a given language implies a faculty of talking about this language
- revision and redefinition
Deficiency
- loans
- calques
- semantic shifts
Meaning translated by lexical means
Symbolism of Gender — (verbs as well)
Poetry
- become a constructive principle of the text
- creative transposition